Les Misérables

by Victor Hugo · 1862

Les Misérables is a French novel by Victor Hugo, first published in 1862. Set in 19th‑century urban France, the story follows ex‑convict Jean Valjean as he seeks redemption and a new life while being relentlessly pursued by Inspector Javert. Along the way he cares for the abandoned daughter of the impoverished Fantine, encounters revolutionary student Marius, and confronts the harsh realities of poverty, injustice, and social inequality. Hugo uses realism to critique wealth distribution, the justice system, industrialism, and republicanism, weaving themes of love, sacrifice, and moral transformation throughout the epic narrative.