Meditations

by Marcus Aurelius

Meditations is the private notebook of Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius (121–180 CE), written in Greek during his military campaigns. Comprising twelve books and 487 short passages, the work offers Stoic reflections on duty, virtue, the nature of the universe, and personal conduct. It has been translated into English (e.g., by George Long, 1862 and Gregory Hays) and remains a foundational text of ancient philosophy and personal self‑examination.